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Food Chemistry
Third Edition
Edited by
Owen R. Fennema
University of Wisconsin-
Madison
Madison, Wisconsin
M
ARCEL
D
EKKER
, I
NC.
N
EW
Y
ORK
• B
ASEL
• H
ONG
K
ONG
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Food chemistry / edited by Owen R. Fennema. — 3rd ed.
p. cm. — (Food science and technology)
Includes index.
ISBN 0-8247-9346-3 (cloth : alk. paper). — ISBN 0-8247-9691-8
(paper : alk. paper)
1. Food—Analysis. 2. Food—Composition. I. Fennema, Owen R.
II. Series: Food science and technology (Marcel Dekker, Inc.); v. 76.
TX541.F65 1996
664'.001'54—dc20
96-19500
CIP
The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, write to Special
Sales/Professional Marketing at the address below.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Copyright © 1996 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publisher.
Marcel Dekker, Inc.
270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
Current printing (last digit):
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Pag e iii
Preface to the Third Edition
More than a decade has passed since the publication of the second edition of
Food Chemistry,
so the appropriateness of an
updated version should be apparent. The purposes of the book remain unchanged: it is primarily a textbook for upper division
undergraduates and beginning graduate students who have sound backgrounds in organic chemistry and biochemistry, and is
secondarily a reference book. Information on food analysis is intentionally absent, except where its presence fits logically with
the topic under discussion. As a textbook for undergraduates, it is designed to serve as the basis of a two-semester course on
food chemistry with the assumption that the instructor will make selective reading assignments as deemed appropriate. Individual
chapters in the book should be useful as the basis of graduate-level courses on specialized topics in food chemistry.
The third edition differs in several important respects from the second. The chapters prepared by first-time contributors are
totally new. These cover such topics as proteins, dispersions, enzymes, vitamins, minerals, animal tissues, toxicants, and
pigments. Chapters by contributors to the second edition have been thoroughly revised. For example, in the chapter “Water and
Ice,” a major addition deals with molecular mobility and glass transition phenomena. The result is a book that is more than 60%
new, has greatly improved graphics, and is better focused on material that is unique to food chemistry.
Chapters have been added on the topics of dispersions and minerals. In the second edition, treatment of dispersions was
accomplished in the chapters “Lipids,” “Proteins,” and “Carbohydrates,” and minerals were covered in the chapter “Vitamins
and Minerals.” Although this was organizationally sound, the result was superficial treatment of dispersions and minerals. The
new chapters on these topics provide depth of coverage that is more consistent with the remainder of the book. Associated with
these changes is a chapter, written by a new contributor, that is now devoted solely to vitamins. It is my belief that this chapter
represents the first complete, in-depth treatise on vitamins with an emphasis on food chemistry.
I would be remiss not to thank the contributors for their hard work and tolerance of my sometimes severe editorial oversight.
They have produced a book that is of first-rate quality. After twenty years and two previous editions, I am finally satisfied that all
major topics are covered appropriately with regard to breadth and depth of coverage, and that a proper focus on reactions
pertaining specifically to foods has been achieved. This focus successfully dis-
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tinguishes food chemistry from biochemistry in the same sense that biochemistry is distinct from, yet still dependent on, organic
chemistry.
Although I have planned and edited this edition with great care, minor errors are inevitable, especially in the first printing. If these
are discovered, I would very much appreciate hearing from you so that corrections can be effected promptly.
OWEN R. FENNEMA
Pag e ix
Contents
Preface to the Third Edition
iii
Preface to the Second Edition
v
Preface to the First Edition
vii
Contributors
xi
1. Introduction to Food Chemistry
Owen R. Fennema and Steven R. Tannenbaum
1
2. Water and Ice
Owen R. Fennema
17
3. Dispersed Systems: Basic Considerations
Pieter Walstra
95
4. Carbohydrates
James N. BeMiller and Roy L. Whistler
157
5. Lipids
Wassef W. Nawar
225
6. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Srinivasan Damodaran
321
7. Enzymes
John R. Whitaker
431
8. Vitamins
Jesse F. Gregory III
531
9. Minerals
Dennis D. Miller
617
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